A ranking of the world's largest
hedge fund managers sharply illustrates the ravages the financial crisis wreaked on firms in the past two years.
It also shows how important assets from institutional investors are to the fortunes of many of these industry titans.
Pensions & Investments' list of the world's largest
hedge fund firms — those with at least $20 billion as of Dec. 31 — shows that assets managed by the 11 companies totaled $316.2 billion, virtually the same as the $316 billion managed by the 10
hedge fund managers that made P&I's last ranking, based on data as of Dec. 31, 2007.
The flat growth disguises what clearly was a period of intense turmoil for many
hedge fund managers, some of which were rocked by performance woes in the last months of 2008 and first few months of 2009, as well as by client redemptions.
The result is that the composition of the list of the
hedge fund managers with more than $20 billion under management changed significantly:
•Hedge fund assets of three prominent firms —
Goldman Sachs Asset Management,
Renaissance Technologies Corp. and
Citadel Investment Group — fell below the $20 billion cutoff, dropping the three from the ranking.
•Four
hedge fund companies — institutionally-oriented Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP and Baupost Group LLC, as well as retail-focused Soros Fund Management LLC and Man Group PLC — joined P&I's list.
•In addition to the three firms that left the top manager list, three others remained above the $20 billion mark despite suffering asset declines ranging from 30% to 43%. The collective decline of these six managers over the two-year period was $74 billion.
Holding its No. 1 ranking on the latest list was J.P. Morgan, which managed $53.5 billion in hedge funds as of Dec. 31 — $32.5 billion by J.P. Morgan Asset Management and $21 billion by Highbridge Capital Management LLC. This is an increase of 18.9% from J.P. Morgan's year-end 2007 total of $45 billion.
Bridgewater Associates Inc. remained in second place, with
hedge fund assets of $43.6 billion as of Dec. 31. Bridgewater was among the
hedge fund managers that showed healthy growth during the period, rising 21%.
Paulson & Co. Inc. increased assets 10% to end 2009 with $32 billion, pushing the firm up to third from eighth.
Filling the next three spots on the list are the three new firms: Brevan Howard and Soros, each with $27 billion; and Man Group, with $25.3 billion.
Paulson's elevation in P&I's ranking and the addition of the three new firms resulted from asset declines of the five managers that had filled the third through seventh spots on the 2007 list.
•Farallon Capital Management LLC experienced an asset decline of 42.5% to end 2009 with $20.7 billion, to rank 10th in the current ranking.
•Assets managed in hedge funds by Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC dropped 30.2% to $23.1 billion, moving the firm into seventh place.
•D.E. Shaw Group, which had held the fourth spot, slipped to eighth with an asset decline of 30.3% to $23 billion as of Jan. 1, the date provided by the firm.
•Formerly in sixth place,
Goldman Sachs'
hedge fund assets declined 45.2% to $17.8 billion at year-end 2009, dropping the firm from the ranking. RenTech's
hedge fund assets fell 52.2% to $15 billion, moving it out of the ranking after having been seventh in 2007.
In the ninth slot is
BlackRock Inc., which managed $21 billion in hedge funds as of Dec. 31. BlackRock's presence is largely because of its acquisition last year of
Barclays Global Investors Inc., which ranked ninth on the 2007 list with $20 billion.
Citadel Investment Group held the 10th position in the 2007 ranking with $20 billion of
hedge fund assets, but with assets totaling $12.2 billion of as Dec. 31, it fell off the list.
The fourth new entrant on P&I's list, Baupost Group, just made the cut with $20 billion under management as of Sept. 30, the most recent date for which data are available from an industry source.
P&I also analyzed, where possible, how much each of the largest managers managed for institutional investors, including pension funds, endowments, sovereign wealth funds and institutionally oriented hedge funds-of-funds managers.
Collectively, assets managed for institutional investors by the 11 largest firms declined 22% to $151 billion or about half of total
hedge fund assets as of Dec. 31, down from $194.9 billion or 62% of total assets two years earlier.
Bridgewater tops the
hedge fund manager list sorted by institutional assets. All of Bridgewater's $43.6 billion is managed for institutions.
In terms of institutional assets, Paulson & Co. follows with $21.8 billion (68%); Brevan Howard, $21.6 billion (80%); D.E. Shaw, $19.1 billion (83%); BlackRock, $17.9 billion (85%); Och-Ziff Capital, $17.6 billion (76%); and Man Group, $7.8 billion (31%).
J.P. Morgan and Farallon Capital Management both declined to break out institutional assets. Soros Fund Management has a very minimal institutional clientele.
Despite the drop in the collective amount managed for institutions,
hedge fund managers themselves reported that institutions remained their staunchest investors throughout the troubled period, although many pension funds, endowments and foundations were forced to redeem assets to meet liquidity needs during the credit crunch.
BlackRock's experience over the past two years is “a microcosm of the
hedge fund industry as a whole,” said Douglas Shaw, managing director and head of
BlackRock proprietary alpha strategies based in London.
Mr. Shaw said the BlackRock-BGI
hedge fund family experienced “exuberant growth” prior to the market crash in 2008 and did lose assets that year from all investors, including institutions “that were selling what they could to get liquidity.”
BlackRock hit its trough in March 2009 — which Mr. Shaw declined to quantify — but has began to see “solid growth” last spring, particularly from institutional investors.
Trey Beck, managing director at New York-based D.E. Shaw, said corporate and public pension funds and sovereign wealth funds have been adding to their
hedge fund portfolios in the last year or so. Plus, the firm's pipeline of new business is strong and additional contributions from existing clients also are picking up. D.E. Shaw recently won large allocations from three sovereign wealth funds Mr. Beck declined to identify.
Sources said the fact that so many of the largest hedge funds manage so much for institutional investors is a signal that the
hedge fund industry is maturing rapidly.
“As institutional investors have become more comfortable about
hedge fund investing, the business is beginning to tip toward direct investment, especially among mid- to large-sized funds. The very largest managers definitely are the beneficiaries of this trend,” said vendor consultant Daniel Celeghin, partner, Casey Quirk & Associates LLC, Darien, Conn.
“Hedge fund managers are building the infrastructure institutions demand and are learning how to talk to pension funds, to market to them.,” Mr. Celeghin said.
Donald A. Steinbrugge, managing partner of
hedge fund consultant and third-party marketer Agecroft Partners LLC, Richmond, Va., said at this stage of the market's evolution, many institutional investors early in their direct
hedge fund programs tend to buy “name-brand” hedge funds.
“It's very similar to the early days of long-only investment, when pension funds tended to `buy IBM,' the household names among money managers. Right now, a number of first-time direct
hedge fund investors are buying these name-brand hedge funds, for the perceived safety,” said Mr. Steinbrugge.
[This story first appeared in Pensions & Investments, a sister publication of
InvestmentNews.]
