Office address: 1700 K St NW, Washington, DC 20006
Website: finra.org
Year established: 2007 Company type: non-government organization
Employees: 4,200+
Expertise: securities regulation, broker-dealer supervision, market surveillance, enforcement and disciplinary actions, investor education, dispute resolution and arbitration, trade reporting transparency, cybersecurity and fraud detection
Parent company: N/A Key people: Robert Cook (CEO); Robert Colby (chief legal officer); Todd Diganci (CFO); Marcia Asquith (EVP); Ornella Bergeron, Denise Dombay, and Maureen Delaney (SVPs)
Financing status: N/A
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a Washington-based self-regulatory body that supervises more than 3,200 broker-dealers. It enforces rules, monitors trading, and runs tools such as TRACE, BrokerCheck, and the consolidated audit trail. In 2024, it posted $99 million net income and unveiled a crypto education program.
FINRA was officially formed in 2007 through a strategic merger. The National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) joined forces with the New York Stock Exchange's (NYSE) regulatory division to operate as one.
This created a unified, independent regulator for America's securities industry. The move modernized oversight for a changing market and strengthened investor protections nationwide.
FINRA's story actually began decades earlier, in an era of economic recovery. The NASD registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1939. This registration formalized what traders had been doing informally for generations.
Congress had established the SEC in 1934 following the devastating market crash of 1929. Two years later, lawmakers passed the Maloney Act to regulate off-exchange securities trading more effectively.
The NASD spent 68 years evolving to match the changing securities landscape and technology. By the early 2000s, fragmented regulatory oversight became increasingly inefficient for a modern industry.
The 2007 merger created the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority by combining the NASD's institutional knowledge with the NYSE's regulatory expertise. This unified regulator now oversees all brokers and firms across US markets comprehensively.
As 2024 closed, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority issued substantial penalties against three major firms. These companies faced settlements for sending inaccurate trade information and filing flawed Focus reports. Year-end enforcement actions let both regulators and firms resolve lingering compliance issues cleanly.companies faced settlements for sending inaccurate trade information and filing flawed Focus reports. Year-end enforcement actions let both regulators and firms resolve lingering compliance issues cleanly.
Into 2025, FINRA's Regulatory Oversight Report highlighted three major threats to the industry. Cybersecurity vulnerabilities from third-party technology providers topped concerns alongside AI compliance challenges. Investment fraud schemes also continue to shift as bad actors devise new ways to deceive clients.
FINRA regulates broker-dealers and investment firms in America by combining enforcement with educational resources to protect investors and maintain market integrity:
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority also addresses emerging threats like cybersecurity risks and artificial intelligence compliance challenges. The organization remains focused on supporting a healthy, trustworthy securities market for all participants.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority reports that investor protection and market stability form the core of its mission. The regulator values its employees and delivers market-rate compensation with benefits such as:
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority also says that it does not discriminate in hiring based on disability, veteran status, and other protected classifications under federal, state, and local law. It complies with 41 CFR regulations protecting disabled individuals and veterans.
Robert W. Cook is the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's president and CEO, with prior experience directing the SEC's trading and markets division. Before FINRA, Cook was a partner at a law firm in Washington. His education includes a JD from Harvard Law School, a master's degree from the London School of Economics, and an undergraduate from Harvard.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's leadership team includes the following key executives:
These executives manage the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's daily operations while upholding the organization's core mission to protect investors.
FINRA launched a targeted probe into broker-dealers underwriting small foreign company IPOs to combat pump-and-dump schemes. The regulator required detailed supervisory procedures and due diligence records for offerings between January 2023 and September 2025. This enforcement action positions the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority as a proactive market protector against cross-border securities fraud.
The organization also penalized First Trust Portfolios, an ETF provider, in 2025 with a $10 million settlement for excessive gifts to broker-dealer representatives. The violations spanned from 2018 through February 2024 and included luxury courtside tickets and concert events. This enforcement action illustrates FINRA's commitment to preventing investor harm through strict non-cash compensation oversight.
Insurance regulators in New York are joining Connecticut's insurance commissioner in examining whether The Hartford made improper disclosures or engaged in misleading practices in its marketing of a new variable annuity.
Attorneys also predict insurer's marketing of new VA will trigger lawsuits; 'half-baked solicitation'
It appears the SEC will be sorting through its mail for some time.
Florida measure empowers state to revoke licenses of brokers who have run afoul of various agencies
The Senate financial-reform bill introduced by Sen. Christopher Dodd, D-Conn., tackled a lot of difficult issues, made some tough decisions and punted on a relatively easy one — requiring financial professionals who give investment advice to accept fiduciary responsibility.
Last month, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Inc. shut down APS Financial Corp. for overcharging clients $1.3 million for bond trades in 2005 and 2006.
Finra's directive requiring firms to ramp-up their disclosure about broker terminations could trigger defamation suits, lawyers say. And it may not be so good for the brokers, either.
A Finra arbitration panel last week awarded a client of Fidelity Brokerages Services LLC $110,000 because her account got lost in the shuffle at the mutual fund and brokerage giant.
More than half of investors are confused about who has fiduciary duty when providing financial advice, while more than 90% want fiduciary rules to apply to brokers and insurance agents, according to a survey released Wednesday.
Many get new gigs soon after their B-Ds are shut down; 'pitch their tent acrosss the street'
Finra has shuttered a small Texas broker-dealer for allegedly charging clients excessive markups on $1.3 million in securities transactions.
Finra arbitrators have ordered a securities analyst who claims he was wrongfully fired by Rodman & Renshaw LLC in 2006 for attempting to lower a stock rating to pay the broker-dealer $10.7 million in damages.
Critics want regulators to zero in on 'little cancers' -- instruments that confuse buyers and generate large fees
Raymond James Financial Services Inc. early this month fired a broker who held key financial positions in local Connecticut politics after discovering he was under investigation for misappropriating clients' funds.
