Office address: 1111 Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20224 (official headquarters); 1500 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20222 (Treasury Department location)
Website: irs.gov
Year established: 1862
Company type: government agency
Employees: 90,500+ (2024)
Expertise: tax collection, tax law enforcement, taxpayer assistance, tax return processing, tax compliance, tax fraud investigation, tax-exempt organizations, tax credits, business tax services, identity protection
Parent company: Department of the Treasury
Key people: Scott Bessent (commissioner), Frank Bisignano (CEO), Carolyn Singh (CoS), Kenneth Corbin (chief, taxpayer services), Jarod Koopman (chief tax compliance officer), Dottie Romo (COO), Kaschit Pandya (chief information officer)
The Internal Revenue Service is the main US tax agency and is based in Washington, DC. It collects federal taxes, enforces tax laws, and processes over 267 million tax returns, collecting $5.1 trillion as of 2024. The IRS helps people and businesses file returns, issues refunds, and works to prevent tax fraud.
The story of the IRS stretches back to 1862, when President Lincoln and Congress created the Bureau of Internal Revenue to help fund the Civil War. That first income tax was a response to the country’s urgent need for revenue, and it set the foundation for a permanent tax system. Over time, new laws and amendments gave Congress the power to collect taxes and shaped how Americans would support their government.
The agency’s early years saw challenges like the Whiskey Rebellion and the burning of the Treasury building in 1814. By 1913, the 16th Amendment gave Congress the authority to tax income, and the Bureau introduced Form 1040, which became a household name. The Internal Revenue Service handled prohibition enforcement and brought down notorious figures like Al Capone for tax evasion. It also managed Social Security tax collection as the country expanded.
The IRS embraced technology with punch cards, electric typewriters, and computers by the mid-20th century. It also:
The agency reorganized in 2000 to better serve taxpayers and launched IRS.gov, which now handles millions of visits each year.
In 2023, the IRS announced it would end surprise visits to homes and businesses due to safety concerns and a push for modernization. This move came as the agency invested billions in technology to improve enforcement and customer service. In 2025, the Internal Revenue Service released new inflation adjustments for 2026. These changes reflect the One, Big, Beautiful Bill and offer taxpayers and advisers fresh planning opportunities.
The Internal Revenue Service provides services and tools that simplify tax filing and help keep taxpayer information secure:
The IRS also offers support for businesses, helps prevent tax fraud, and offers guidance for tax-exempt organizations. Its digital services and customer support make it easier for people to stay compliant and informed.
The Internal Revenue Service states that workforce development and employee culture are key priorities as it modernizes. According to the agency, building skills and supporting employees helps improve service for taxpayers and business professionals. The IRS lists its core values as:
The Internal Revenue Service says that it provides many career options, from entry-level to management positions. Staff can work in areas like accounting, IT, or design, with room to advance. Employee benefits include:
Regarding their benefits and support programs, the IRS Veterans Program Office offers non-paid internships and special hiring paths for veterans and wounded warriors. Eligible veterans and some family members receive preference points or top category placement in federal hiring.
Scott Bessent became acting commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service in August 2025 after serving as the 79th Secretary of the Treasury. Before these roles, Bessent led Key Square Capital Management and built a long career in global investment management. He is a Yale graduate from South Carolina and is known for his expertise in currency and fixed income.
The IRS is led by Bessent, who works with key leaders to oversee all divisions and support functions:
The leadership team is structured to address the needs of different taxpayer groups. The Internal Revenue Service operates under the authority of the Treasury secretary as outlined in the Internal Revenue Code.
The Internal Revenue Service halted most operations and furloughed nearly half its staff during the October 2025 government shutdown. This pause delayed tax refunds, slowed compliance actions, and complicated the rollout of new tax changes, directly affecting financial professionals and their clients. The agency’s ability to manage future tax reforms and serve taxpayers depends on how quickly it can recover from these disruptions.
Building on these challenges, the IRS announced higher retirement contribution limits for 2026, giving savers and advisers new planning options. The agency raised 401(k) and IRA caps, adjusted catch-up contributions, and updated income thresholds for tax benefits. These updates help Americans save more for retirement and show the Internal Revenue Service’s ongoing role in supporting long-term financial planning.
Agency to enforce one IRA-to-IRA rollover every 365 days rule despite earlier interpretation
Investors took profits in 2012 before the top capital gains rate rose to 23.8% and President Obama's investment tax for his health care plan took effect. Capital gains surged 60% in 2012 over 2011.
Live from FSI OneVoice: Group wants to remove the uncertainty of continuing IRS scrutiny. <b><i> <a href="http://www.investmentnews.com/section/video?playerType=Events&bctid=3117749314001&date=20140128">Check out a video interview with Dale Brown, where the organization's president and CEO offers his Finra wish list.</a> </b></i>
Investors took a lot of profit before top rate rose to 23.8%, Obama health care tax took hold
Americans deserve simpler tax code to help them calculate how much they owe, tax regulator said this week
Meanwhile, Ways and Means to send tax extensions bill to full Senate on Thursday.
A Senate committee report will reprimand Credit Suisse Group AG for helping American clients dodge taxes and will criticize the Justice Department for not pursuing offshore banks aggressively enough, according to two people with knowledge of the findings.
College savings plans continue to be popular with investors, and sponsors of the nearly 100 different Section 529 plans offered in the U.S. are tweaking fees and other features to attract assets.
Thousands of Credit Suisse Group AG's U.S. clients still don't know whether tax authorities will learn their identities as prosecutors work to conclude a three-year probe of how the bank helped them evade taxes.
For rich and famous clients (like the late Michael Jackson), careful planning is needed to keep the Tax Man from plundering the estate.
For the rich and famous, careful planning needed to keep the value of image out of Tax Man's clutches
Major changes that kicked in this year, thanks to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, likely will result in increased interest in charitable giving by clients interested in softening the bite of even higher brackets on income and capital gains taxes. As a refresher, the highest income tax rate rose in 2013 to 39.6%, while the highest capital gains rate is now 20%. To make things even more interesting, ATRA has also established a net investment income tax of 3.8%.
More Americans than ever converted their tax-deferred IRAs into Roth plans in 2010, led by IRA holders with annual incomes exceeding $1 million. Advisers successfully pitched the switch as a pay now, save later strategy.
Roth conversions came in at $64.8 billion in 2010, above an expected $26.5 billion.
