I read a fascinating article in the Washington Post this morning about
Social Security survivor benefits for minor children. Normally, when a parent dies, an unmarried child under age 18 is entitled to
Social Security survivor benefits.
The Supreme Court is considering a case that involves the rights of twins that were born 18 months after the father, Robert Capato, died. It's the court's first review of “posthumous conception”—something I'm sure President Franklin D. Roosevelt never worried about when he signed the
Social Security legislation into law in the 1930s.
When Robert was diagnosed with esophageal cancer shortly after he and his wife Karen married in 1999, they were concerned that his treatment might leave him sterile. The Capatos decided to deposit Robert's sperm in a sperm bank. They conceived one child naturally—a son born in 2001. Robert died in in March 2002. After the twins were born in 2003, Karen applied for
Social Security survivor benefits. The Caputo's naturally conceived son received the benefits; the twins did not.
An administrative-law judge ruled that the twins were ineligible to inherit property under Florida law, where they lived, and therefore were not entitled to survivor benefits. An appeals court reversed the decision, saying the twins were legally survivors. Other appeals courts have found just the opposite.
To quote Supreme Court Justice Elana Kagan: “It's a mess”.
I don't know how the court will rule on this decision, although The Washington Post reporter Robert Barnes wrote that the Supreme Court sounded disinclined to award
Social Security benefits to the Capato twins. But it could give a glimpse into what might happen in future
Social Security reform.
Currently, minor children of retirees are entitled to
Social Security benefits worth up to half of what the retired parent collects, subject to family maximum amounts. In recent years, there's been an increase in these young beneficiaries as older men remarry younger women and start second families. I've often referred to this as the “Viagra college fund” benefit.
All joking aside, I think this benefit for minor children of living retirees may be eliminated hen Congress finally gets around to tackling
Social Security reform. A similar proposal was endorsed by the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform co-chaired by Alan Simpson and Erskine Bowles.
It's just one of the fascinating ethical and economic debates that will arise when the crucial safety net of the 20th century and recast for the new realities of the 21st century.
