Bacon lovers in the U.S. are paying record prices during the seasonal summer peak for consumption, and costs may keep rising through August because smaller hog herds led to an unprecedented plunge in meat inventories.
Wholesale pork bellies, which are cured and sliced to make bacon, are up 72 percent in the past year to $1.4308 a pound, the highest price since at least 1998, government data show. Stockpiles in warehouses monitored by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange tumbled 73 percent in the year through July as U.S. hog producers cut their herds to stanch losses in 2008 and 2009.
Prices usually climb in August, when tomatoes are ready for harvest in the Midwest and more people eat bacon, lettuce and tomato sandwiches, said Altin Kalo, a commodity analyst for Steiner Consulting Group. While pork bellies will probably fall later this year as demand slows, the costs will be records for each month through year-end because of tight supplies, he said.
“What you have with bacon is what economists call inelastic demand, meaning it doesn't vary much,” said Chris Hurt, a livestock economist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. “If a person wants a BLT sandwich and likes that in summer when their patio tomatoes come on, then it doesn't make a difference if bacon is $2 a pound or $6 a pound. They're going to go out and buy it. When it's in short supply and a lot of people want it, they'll pay a higher price.”
The U.S. consumes more than 1.7 billion pounds (771,100 metric tons) of bacon annually at restaurants and other food service companies, the National Pork Board said in May. Bacon is the second fastest-growing pork item in food service, behind ground pork, the Des Moines, Iowa-based trade group said. Only China and the European Union eat more pork than the U.S.
Food Inflation
While overall food inflation is forecast to rise 1.5 percent to 2.5 percent this year, pork's rally has fueled a bigger-than-expected jump in retail meat prices, which have gained 6.1 percent since the end of December, U.S. Department of Agriculture data show.
On the CME, pork-belly futures for August delivery jumped the exchange limit for a second-straight day yesterday, climbing 3 cents, or 2.8 percent, to $1.095 a pound, the highest level since July 2004. The most-active contract has surged 77 percent in the past year.
Expectations of improved pork profit led Farha Aslam, an analyst at Stephens Inc. in New York, to raise her earnings estimate yesterday for meat-processor Tyson Foods Inc. to 60 cents a share for the quarter ended in June, up from 56 cents.
Caught Short
Meatpackers and retailers were caught short of supply this year after surpluses sent prices plunging in 2009, Kalo said from Manchester, New Hampshire. Wholesale-pork prices tumbled to a six-year low in August 2009, as an outbreak of swine flu sapped exports and U.S. demand waned because of the
recession.
“We're always fighting last year's battles,” said Kalo, whose company consults for food retailers and processors. Users “got caught with a lot of inventory around last year, and then demand got a bit soft, and we saw prices of bellies drop. This year they weren't as aggressive in storing it.”
Nationwide pork-belly inventories peaked this year in March at 58.76 million pounds, USDA data show. That's 26 percent less than the high in 2009, reached in April, of 79.54 million pounds.
Price Forecasts
Wholesale pork bellies may remain near current record prices until the end of August, before dropping to an average of $1.17 a pound in September, Kalo said. That would still be 77 percent higher than in September 2009, and would mark the highest average price ever for the month.
Kalo expects that monthly average pork-belly prices will top year-over-year records through December.
The U.S. hog-breeding herd is near the smallest on record, after pork producers lost about $6 billion from late 2007 through early 2010, according to University of Missouri data. Total hog inventories on June 1 dropped 3.6 percent from a year earlier to 64.4 million animals, the USDA estimates.
The available supply of hogs to slaughterhouses tends to be the tightest of the year during July and August, Kalo said. Hot weather curbs weight gains, so animals have to spend more time on feed getting heavy enough for slaughter, he said.
Lawrence Kane, a livestock-market adviser at Stewart- Peterson Group in Yates City, Illinois, said demand for pork bellies is “solid” in the U.S.
“Price may not be a real major factor to a lot of people,” Kane said. “My wife said it was $5.99 a pound for bacon at the grocery store the other day. But she bought two packages instead of one, so we'll have it on another night.”
Retail bacon prices in the U.S. averaged $4.046 a pound in June, the highest since at least 1980, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
