Encouraging news on jobs and workers' productivity gave investors new reason to be optimistic about the economy and send stocks to big gains.
The Dow Jones industrial average jumped 180 points Thursday, while the Nasdaq composite index, which has a concentration of technology stocks, gained about 2 percent after an upbeat forecast from Cisco Systems Inc.
The Labor Department said the number of newly laid-off workers seeking unemployment benefits fell to 512,000 last week, the lowest level since January and fewer than economists had forecast.
Initial claims are considered a gauge of the pace of layoffs and an indication of employers' willingness to hire workers. The report offered investors hope that the government's monthly report on employment Friday might prove better than expected. Analysts project that the unemployment rate rose to 9.9 percent in October.
Investors also cheered the biggest jump in productivity in six years. The government said the amount of output per hour worked rose 9.5 percent in the July-September quarter. Getting more from each worker could make companies put off hiring workers but the lower costs will boost profits as the economy recovers.
Meanwhile, retailers posted their second straight month of sales gains in October after more than a year of declines, providing hope that consumers are starting to spend a little more. The retail industry posted a 2.1 percent sales gain for October, according to a International Council of Shopping Centers-
Goldman Sachs tally.
"The news coming in has been for the most part better than expected," said Mike Boyle, senior vice president and portfolio manager at Advisors Asset Management.
In early afternoon trading, the Dow average rose 178.79, or 1.7 percent, to 9,970.52.
The broader Standard & Poor's 500 index rose 17.09, or 1.6 percent, to 1,063.59, while the Nasdaq rose 45.21, or 2.2 percent, to 2,100.73.
The Russell 2000 index of smaller companies rose 15.23, or 2.7 percent, to 578.35.
Bond prices were mixed. The benchmark 10-year Treasury note rose, pushing its yield down to 3.52 percent from 3.53 percent late Wednesday.
Mixed economic data in recent weeks have made it difficult for investors to get a sense of where the economy is headed, leading to choppy trading. The
Federal Reserve pointed to hopeful signs about the economy Wednesday but also said it would keep interest rates low for "an extended period" to help stimulate growth.
Traders initially cheered the Fed's assessment of the economy on Wednesday, building on momentum stoked by better reports on activity in the service sector and private sector employment. Stocks failed to hold the advance, however, and the Dow finished with a gain of about 30 points, having risen as much as 156 points after the Fed announcement.
While the market often jumps at good news, it has become more difficult for the gains to stick. Investors can't shake the fear that government stimulus programs have become a crutch for the economy and that the 3.5 percent growth in the third quarter won't be sustainable as stimulus measures are removed.
Jeff Mortimer, chief investment officer at
Charles Schwab Investment Management, predicts the choppiness to last at least through the end of the year.
"This is a transition period in a bull phase," he said. "Bull markets are front-end loaded and they give almost 50 percent of their return in their first one year of life."
Four stocks rose for every one that fell on the
New York Stock Exchange, where volume came to 569.6 million shares.
Cisco pulled tech stocks higher after the maker of computer-networking gear said late Wednesday that it expects revenue to grow for the first time in a year for the quarter ending in January. The stock rose 46 cents, or 2 percent, to $23.76.
Among retail sales reports, Costco Wholesale Corp. posted a 5 percent jump in sales at stores open at least a year, a key gauge of a retailer's health. Costco rose 4 cents to $58.90.
The dollar fell against other major currencies. Gold prices rose.
Light, sweet crude fell 52 cents to $79.88 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Overseas, Asian markets fell overnight, while European shares recovered from early losses in afternoon trading and moved higher after central banks left their interest rates unchanged. The Bank of England also said it would pump more money into the economy after news last week that the country remains in
recession.
Britain's FTSE 100 rose 0.4 percent, Germany's DAX index added 0.7 percent, and France's CAC-40 gained 1.1 percent. Earlier Thursday, Japan's Nikkei stock average fell 1.3 percent.
