President Donald Trump declared that Harvard University would lose its tax-exempt status, stepping up his attack on the Ivy League school by threatening to choke off an array of financial benefits.
Trump made the announcement after weeks of threatening a change to the school’s tax-free treatment.
“We are going to be taking away Harvard’s Tax Exempt Status. It’s what they deserve!” Trump wrote in a post early Friday morning.
We are going to be taking away Harvard’s Tax Exempt Status. It’s what they deserve!
From Donald Trump Truth Social 05/02/25 08:25 AM
— Donald J. Trump Posts From His Truth Social (@TrumpDailyPosts) May 2, 2025
Conservatives have targeted Harvard and other elite universities in recent years over accusations of ideological bias and allegations of a rise in antisemitism amid campus protests against the war in Gaza. Trump and other Republicans have accused the institutions of promoting liberal agendas and so-called “wokeness.”
“The next chapter of the American story will not be written by the Harvard Crimson,” Trump said during a Thursday night commencement address at the University of Alabama. “It will be written by you, the Crimson Tide.”
The White House, IRS and Treasury Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
“The government has long exempted universities from taxes in order to support their educational mission,” a Harvard spokesperson said in an emailed statement. “There is no legal basis to rescind Harvard’s tax-exempt status.”
The school said that the action would result in diminished financial aid for students and the abandonment of critical medical research programs. “The unlawful use of this instrument more broadly would have grave consequences for the future of higher education in America,” the statement said.
Some 1,700 private colleges operate as nonprofits given their contributions to society. They receive that benefit as part of a section of the Internal Revenue Service tax code, which specifically mentions education as being a purpose that can receive the exemption.
IRS standards prevent presidents from interfering with the federal tax agency’s decisions, though the department’s commissioner reports to the Treasury Secretary. As of Friday morning, it was unclear if Trump’s announcement stemmed from his decision or that of the agency.
Stripping Harvard’s tax-exempt status completely would deal a painful financial blow to the university. Harvard’s tax-exempt status affords the school a variety of benefits, such as not having to pay traditional property taxes on educational buildings. It can sell bonds that pay interest that’s exempt from federal taxes, which lures investors and helps lower borrowing costs.
A Bloomberg News analysis estimated that Harvard’s tax benefits totaled at least $465 million in 2023.
Trump’s fight with Harvard has escalated since the university rejected the administration’s demands to reform campus policies, arguing they went far beyond their stated efforts of combating antisemitism and threatened the school’s independence. The administration has frozen billions of dollars in funding that supported projects including ALS and tuberculosis research and Harvard has sued several US agencies and top officials in response.
Democrats, including Senator Elizabeth Warren, have rallied around Harvard. The Massachusetts lawmaker said in an interview with Bloomberg News last month that it was “flatly illegal” for the US president to direct the IRS to investigate or change status for a taxpayer.
“There’s a process that has to be followed that would probably take a number of years,” said James Repetti, a law professor at Boston College who spoke in an interview before Trump’s announcement on Friday.
He said the IRS would likely conduct an examination, and if it decides to revoke Harvard’s benefits, the school could appeal within the agency. Then, Harvard would likely request a court judgment to maintain its tax-exempt status as the case is worked on.
“It would likely take a long time to work its way through the courts,” Repetti said.
The IRS has revoked a college’s tax-exempt status before, in a process that took years. Bob Jones University in South Carolina lost its federal tax-exemption in 1976, because of its policies banning interracial dating. The decision was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1983. Bob Jones University dropped the policy in 2000 and regained its tax benefits in 2017.
Analysts at JPMorgan Chase & Co. pointed to the Bob Jones precedent in an April research note saying that if the IRS did move to revoke Harvard’s tax-exempt status, “we would expect immediate legal action, that could take years to resolve, extending beyond the current administration’s term in 2028.”
As the wealthiest school in the country, Harvard has a lot of firepower available to fend off surprise blows. It’s armed with pristine credit ratings and a $53 billion endowment. In fiscal 2024, the school raked in $6.5 billion of revenue and enjoyed a $45 million surplus.
The university’s financial resources have been “built over years through disciplined planning and sound financial management” and are meant to “allow Harvard’s schools and units to withstand shocks,” the school said in its most recent financial report.
Harvard has also recently taken steps to shore up more cash through a $750 million taxable bond sale. Officials from the endowment have previously discussed selling about $1 billion of private equity fund stakes.
Earlier this week, the university released long-awaited reports on antisemitism and anti-Muslim bias that painted a scathing picture of how students treated each other in the wake of the Hamas attack against Israel on Oct. 7, 2023.
“I’m sorry for the moments when we failed to meet the high expectations we rightfully set for our community,” Harvard President Alan Garber said in a letter accompanying the reports.
Garber has acknowledged the need to tackle antisemitism, noting that he’s experienced it directly while serving as the university’s leader, and said Harvard is committed to working with the administration.
In recent weeks, the school placed the Harvard Undergraduate Palestine Solidarity Committee on probation and forced the faculty leaders of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies to leave their posts. Harvard also suspended a partnership with Birzeit University in the West Bank. Harvard has also renamed its diversity, equity and inclusion office as Community and Campus Life.
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