AI-fueled spending surge pushes tech giants to new trillion-dollar milestones

A wave of artificial intelligence investment is reshaping the landscape for the world’s largest technology companies, with several reaching unprecedented market valuations and ramping up spending on data centers and computing infrastructure.

Nvidia became the first company to surpass a $5 trillion market capitalization this week, following an 11% share price increase over the past month and a series of new partnerships with global firms.

The company’s chief executive, Jensen Huang, announced $500 billion in AI chip orders this week along with plans to build seven supercomputers for the US government. Nvidia’s stock alone has accounted for nearly one-fifth of the S&P 500 Index’s 17% advance in 2025, underscoring its influence on broader market performance.

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Microsoft and Apple have also reached $4 trillion market valuations, just months after Nvidia first crossed that threshold. Microsoft reported a record $34.9 billion in capital expenditures for the September quarter and signaled that investments would continue to rise. The company’s Azure cloud division remains a key driver, with revenue growth holding steady. However, some investors had hoped for an even faster pace to justify the spending surge.

The capital outlays are not limited to these firms. Alphabet, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft collectively spent about $78 billion on capital expenditures last quarter, an 89% increase from a year earlier. Most of this investment is directed toward building and equipping data centers to support AI workloads. Alphabet’s Google Cloud platform reported a 34% revenue increase to $15.2 billion, exceeding analyst expectations, while its Gemini AI assistant now boasts 650 million monthly active users, up 44% from three months ago.

Meta’s approach stands out, as the company is not a major cloud provider to outside customers. Its spending, which Meta warned would be “notably larger” in 2026, is aimed at enhancing AI capabilities within its core social media platforms and developing new products like smart glasses. The company reported a $4.4 billion loss in its Reality Labs division for the third quarter, raising questions about the long-term payoff of its investments.

Read more: Big Tech earnings incoming as investors weigh risks of an AI bubble

During Meta’s earnings call, chief executive Mark Zuckerberg addressed concerns about the scale of spending, suggesting the company could repurpose excess computing capacity for its core business or potentially sell it to others. “We haven’t done that yet,” he said. “But obviously, if you got to a point where you overbuilt, you could have that as an option.”

Microsoft’s chief financial officer, Amy Hood, emphasized the current voracious appetite for AI services, noting, “I thought we were going to catch up. We are not. Demand is increasing. It is not increasing in just one place. It is increasing across many places.”

Despite the optimism, some market participants remain cautious. Nvidia’s stock has risen more than 1,300% since the end of 2022, prompting questions about whether current valuations are sustainable.

“If what everyone is betting on with AI comes to fruition, then valuations are probably justified, but certainly some of it might be difficult to live up to," Dan Eye, chief investment officer at Fort Pitt Capital Group, told Bloomberg. "It’s been tough to not own Nvidia, but it really is priced for elevated expectations.”

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