Office address: 550 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20429
Website: fdic.gov
Year established: 1933
Company type: government agency
Employees: 5,600+ (full-time employees in 2025)
Expertise: deposit insurance, bank examination and supervision, financial institution regulation, failed bank resolution, consumer protection and compliance, community reinvestment oversight, receivership management
Parent company: US Government
Key people: Travis Hill (acting chair); Jonathan Gould and Russell Vought (directors); Matthew Reed (general counsel); Dana Wade, Alex LePore, and Leonard Chanin (deputies to the chair)
Financing status: N/A
Based in Washington, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation maintains stability in America's financial system. The FDIC insures deposits up to $250,000 per account and supervises nearly 3,000 banks. Since 1934, no depositor has lost insured funds, and the agency is funded entirely through premiums from member banks.
Through the Banking Act of 1933, lawmakers created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to help Americans trust their banks again. Nearly 9,000 banks had collapsed between 1930 and 1933 due to panic withdrawals and unsound lending.
The FDIC began protecting deposits in 1934, initially covering up to $2,500 per account. By 1950, insured deposits had grown to $91 billion with coverage expanded to $10,000 per account.
Inflation and rising interest rates throughout the 1960s and 1970s forced major changes in coverage limits. Coverage jumped to $20,000 per account in 1969 and doubled to $40,000 by 1974 due to economic strain.
The collapse of Franklin National Bank in 1974 also marked a turning point for the agency. With $3.6 billion in assets, Franklin's failure represented the largest single institution collapse in FDIC history to date.
The 1980s brought widespread failure as nearly 1,300 savings and loans and over 1,600 banks collapsed nationwide. In 1984, Continental Illinois National Bank required a $1 billion FDIC bailout to prevent systemic collapse.
The FDIC's insurance fund fell below zero in 1991 due to significant losses. The agency then raised bank premiums sharply to rebuild reserves. Congress responded with reforms to strengthen oversight, and by 2004 the banking system had stabilized considerably.
The agency became the receiver after Silicon Valley Bank collapsed with a $42 billion deposit run in March 2023. It swiftly established Silicon Valley Bridge Bank to assume $119 billion in deposits and protect all depositors. The FDIC then extended the bidding process to maximize value before selecting First Citizens Bank.
The resolution protected all account holders, yet disputes arose over $1.9 billion in cash the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation withheld. SVB Financial sued the agency in July 2023 as it claimed that the withholding violated bankruptcy law and hindered reorganization. Such disputes demonstrate the FDIC's responsibility to balance depositor protection with asset recovery amid complex legal entanglements.
The FDIC provides deposit protection, bank supervision, and resolution services designed to strengthen financial system stability:
The FDIC also administers training programs and international seminars for banking professionals. Its commitment to transparency and research helps Americans maintain confidence in deposit-insured financial institutions.
The FDIC states that guiding principles shape decisions and build public trust through ethical standards. The agency identifies six core values that guide organizational behavior:
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation also provides workplace benefits for its staff, such as:
The FDIC's Office of Minority and Women Inclusion also manages diversity and equal employment opportunity programs. Applicants with disabilities can request accommodations from the FDIC's Disability Program Manager.
Travis Hill became acting chair of the FDIC Board in January 2025 after serving as vice chair. Hill worked in the organization from 2018–22 and previously served as counsel for the US Senate. Hill earned a BS in economics and political science from Duke University and a JD from Georgetown.
The FDIC Board of Directors and senior executives guide the agency's operations and strategy:
This leadership team works to maintain financial stability and protect depositors through coordinated policy development.
The agency publishes quarterly banking profiles to reveal financial system health to the public. Its Q3 2025 report showed net income growth of 13.5 percent and deposit insurance reserves at $150 billion. This reporting demonstrates the FDIC's supervisory role in maintaining depositor confidence despite emerging risks in commercial real estate.
For those protecting their savings, the FDIC offers important safeguards. The organization protects deposits in savings accounts and certificates of deposit up to $250,000 which make them safer choices for conservative investors.
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