GLOSSARY

financial planning

Financial planning serves as the foundation of every long-term money decision clients make. It brings together their financial situation, goals, and the steps needed to move toward a more secure future. Financial advisors rely on financial planning to understand where clients stand today and what strategies can help them stay on track.

What is financial planning?

Financial planning is the process of putting together a financial plan that supports the goals of an earner. A financial plan outlines current circumstances and short-term and long-term objectives. It covers everyday decisions such as managing cash flow and reducing debt, as well as long-range needs like retirement, tax planning, and estate planning.

A financial plan is meant to stay in place for many years, but it isn't static. As a person's family life, income, or priorities change, you revisit and adjust the plan, so it continues to meet their needs. This is why annual reviews are essential.

Core elements of a financial plan

A strong financial plan brings together several parts of a client's financial life. Each element supports long-term stability and helps guide clients through different stages and decisions.

  • Emergency savings: Cash reserve that covers three to six months of essential expenses. This creates a buffer during unexpected events and keeps long-term goals on track
  • Debt reduction: Managing and reducing debt is another key step. When clients cut down high-cost obligations and control spending, they free up more room for saving and long-term investment management
  • Risk management: A plan also looks at potential financial risks and preparing for accidents, health issues, or loss of income by reviewing insurance needs. This risk assessment can include home, health, disability, liability, and life insurance
  • Investing and retirement planning: Investment decisions sit at the heart of financial planning. You guide clients as they contribute to workplace plans, open IRAs, or build taxable accounts
  • Tax strategy: Tax optimization affects how far a client's money can go. Strategies may include deductions, credits, and tax-efficient investing. These decisions help manage tax liabilities and support long-term goals
  • Legacy and estate considerations: Estate planning allows clients to protect heirs and express their wishes clearly. Wills, beneficiary designations, and other legacy goals should be part of the plan
  • Monitoring and adjustments: A financial plan is always evolving. It must be reviewed regularly, adjusted for strategies, and made sure each part continues to support long-term goals

What are the four main types of financial planning?

Financial planning is extensive but often covers four main areas:

  • Retirement planning: Focuses on helping clients save and invest when they no longer earn active income. It includes evaluating workplace retirement plans, IRAs, contribution levels, and future income needs
  • Tax planning: Looks at ways to reduce a client's tax burden legally and efficiently. It may involve using tax deductions, credits, or tax loss harvesting
  • Investment planning: Investment planning ties client goals to clear investment strategies. It covers asset allocation, risk tolerance, and how each account supports long-term objectives
  • Estate planning: Prepares for the smooth transfer of assets to heirs and beneficiaries

What does a good financial plan look like?

A good financial plan brings together the most important parts of a client's financial life and organizes them into a clear, customized roadmap. It reflects personal priorities, spending habits, family needs, and long-term goals.

A strong plan includes a well-funded emergency reserve, a retirement strategy that fits the client's timeline, the right insurance coverage to manage risks, and a tax approach that supports long-term planning. Most importantly, a good plan is built to last but flexible enough to change.

At an individual level, financial planning often considers the 50-30-20 rule. Here's a simplified explanation of this approach:

Navigating regulatory changes in financial planning

Regulatory shifts can significantly influence how to build long-term strategies. New policies are bound to happen with every administration. This makes it important to stay alert to changes affecting taxes, healthcare, and retirement planning.

Tax reform and income planning

Proposed tax reforms remain a major focus. Plans to extend the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, restore the state and local tax deduction, and eliminate federal taxes on Social Security, tips, and overtime pay may enhance short-term cash flow for many clients.

Concerns about rising federal deficits raise questions about future tax increases. In the near term, accelerating income or revisiting tax strategies may help clients take advantage of current lower rates while they last.

Corporate taxes, tariffs, and business considerations

The administration's intention to reduce the corporate tax rate below 20 percent aims to increase US competitiveness. However, this comes alongside potential tariffs on many countries.

While some industries may benefit, others could experience higher costs that impact pricing and growth. Business owners may need to adjust expansion plans, cash flow expectations, or investment decisions based on how these changes unfold.

Here's a look at how tariffs work and how they can impact the individual:

Estate and gift tax stability

Estate and gift tax policies may remain favorable for wealthy families. With the lifetime exemption approaching $14 million per person, maintaining or increasing this level provides continued stability for clients with existing estate plans.

Potential changes in healthcare and HSAs

Healthcare policy may also see shifts. Changes to the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid expansion, and Health Savings Accounts could affect how clients plan for medical costs. Any changes in healthcare structure or costs can alter household budgets and increase the importance of building strong retirement savings.

Retirement savings strategies under shifting tax rates

If tax cuts continue temporarily, but future rates rise, clients may find more value in Roth-focused strategies. Contributing to Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k)s or converting traditional retirement accounts to Roth accounts, could help reduce future tax burdens.

With regulations continuously developing, flexibility remains essential. The best path forward is adapting strategies as details become clearer and revisiting the plan regularly to stay ahead of regulatory changes.

When to create or update a financial plan?

A new job, a raise, or a sudden drop in income can all influence a client's ability to save, invest, or manage expenses. Life events such as marriage, the birth of children, or divorce may also change financial objectives and require a fresh look at retirement planning, insurance, or savings habits. Health challenges can also affect income and spending.

Any of these events could be a good reason to update a financial plan. Creating one though can be done at any stage of a person's life.

How to futureproof your financial planning practice

Futureproofing means building systems, skills, and strategies that help you stay resilient no matter how markets, regulations, or client expectations change. The goal is to stay adaptable while continuing to deliver clear, reliable guidance that clients can trust.

Start with strong client relationships built on ongoing communication. When clients understand your process and feel supported, they remain engaged even during periods of uncertainty. Regular check-ins, clear explanations of planning decisions, and proactive outreach all strengthen the foundation of your practice.

Next, make continuous learning part of your routine. Tax laws, retirement rules, and industry standards shift over time, and staying informed helps adjust your advice quickly. Technology also plays a major role in futureproofing. Tools that streamline cash flow analysis, organize documents, or track investment strategies make it easier to work efficiently and support more clients.

Tech tools every advisor needs for smarter financial planning

The right technology can simplify your workflow, strengthen client relationships, and give you more time to focus on planning itself. Here are the essential tools worth prioritizing in practice.

Customer relationship management (CRM) systems

A strong CRM keeps all client information in one organized place. You can track conversations, automate reminders, and build secure dashboards for portfolio review. These systems also support compliance by keeping records clear and accessible.

Financial planning software

Planning tools help run projections, model goals, and prepare customized reports. Many platforms include features for risk management, retirement planning, tax analysis, and estate considerations. With these tools, you can build more detailed plans and update them quickly as client circumstances change.

Video conferencing and virtual meeting tools

Virtual meetings are now a normal part of financial planning. Modern platforms offer secure screen sharing, document exchange, and integrated messaging.

Email and marketing automation

Advisors who want to stay connected with clients without spending hours drafting emails benefit from automated marketing tools. They help build sequences, schedule updates, and organize outreach to prospects.

Scheduling platforms

Scheduling software eliminates the back-and-forth of booking meetings. You set your available hours and clients select a time that fits. Many programs also allow automatic reminders, cancellation rules, or integrations with your CRM.

Bringing your financial practice full circle

Financial planning gives clients a clear path for managing money through different stages of life. A well-structured plan connects everyday choices to long-term priorities. It also ties together essential areas such as investment management, insurance, taxes, and retirement planning so clients can make informed decisions.

When a plan is reviewed regularly and adjusted as life changes, it becomes a reliable guide that helps clients stay focused and confident. This steady approach to financial planning supports long-term stability and gives clients a stronger sense of control over their financial future.

The latest financial planning news from InvestmentNews

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Merchant Investment Management takes stake in Minnesota RIA
ALTERNATIVES FEB 04, 2022
Merchant Investment Management takes stake in Minnesota RIA

Summit Investment Advisory Services manages $490 million for clients in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Florida.

Caribou lands $3 million to manage health care costs for clients
Caribou lands $3 million to manage health care costs for clients

The health care planning fintech is aiming to make complex health insurance decisions easier by collecting data about clients’ plans, usage and medications to find the best possible strategies.

Who most wants to work with an adviser? Millennials
Who most wants to work with an adviser? Millennials

Millennials are the most optimistic generation, with nearly half saying their quality of life is better or much better over the previous year, study finds.

Navigating volatile markets with Blair duQuesnay

The markets have been on a wild ride so far this year. Blair deQuesnay of Ritholtz Wealth Management joins Jeff and Bruce to chat about how advisers can keep clients calm during the storm and her take on current markets.

CFP Board increased number of scholarships 67% in 2021
CFP Board increased number of scholarships 67% in 2021

The board's Center for Financial Planning provided more than $300,000 in scholarships last year, up from the more than $200,000 it awarded in 2020.

Total number of CFPs, women certificants reach new heights
Total number of CFPs, women certificants reach new heights

The CFP Board also touts last year's growth in Black and Hispanic mark holders, who still represent a small fraction of the CFP population.

The latest in financial #AdviserTech — January 2022 — Part 2
ALTERNATIVES JAN 26, 2022
The latest in financial #AdviserTech — January 2022 — Part 2

The major trends underway in the financial adviser ecosystem, and what those trends portend for the year to come.

Southwestern Investment Group is latest RIA to partner with private equity
ALTERNATIVES JAN 25, 2022
Southwestern Investment Group is latest RIA to partner with private equity

The Tennessee-based firm has sold a minority stake to Merchant Investment Management, citing the need to build scale in the fast-consolidating wealth management industry.

Are our industry's diversity programs working?
Are our industry's diversity programs working?

Dr. Karen Altfest, executive vice president at Altfest Personal Wealth Management, discusses the history of women in financial services and whether or not there has been meaningful progress.

Facet Wealth lands $100 million in funding
FINTECH JAN 19, 2022
Facet Wealth lands $100 million in funding

The financial planning fintech will use the latest injection of capital to invest in its technology and product suite to upgrade its client experience.

Niche adviser bulks up with a focus on fitness coaches
Niche adviser bulks up with a focus on fitness coaches

Justin Green, founder of AssistFP, has learned that developing a niche is an evolutionary process.

OneDigital acquires $406 million advisory firm
OneDigital acquires $406 million advisory firm

Retirement plan consultant Gouldin & McCarthy is based in Basking Ridge, New Jersey.

The latest in financial #AdviserTech — January 2022
FINTECH JAN 12, 2022
The latest in financial #AdviserTech — January 2022

The first installment of a two-part series looking at the major trends in the financial adviser ecosystem that shaped big AdviserTech events in 2021, and what those trends portend for the year to come.

Public slow to embrace Social Security's online tools
Public slow to embrace Social Security's online tools

Financial advisers could fill the void when it comes to clients' questions about when to claim benefits.

There’s much to look forward to in 2022
FINTECH JAN 10, 2022
There’s much to look forward to in 2022

The InvestmentNews reporting team looks ahead to 2022 and sees many of these long-term trends continuing.