Office address: 1700 K St NW, Washington, DC 20006
Website: finra.org
Year established: 2007 Company type: non-government organization
Employees: 4,200+
Expertise: securities regulation, broker-dealer supervision, market surveillance, enforcement and disciplinary actions, investor education, dispute resolution and arbitration, trade reporting transparency, cybersecurity and fraud detection
Parent company: N/A Key people: Robert Cook (CEO); Robert Colby (chief legal officer); Todd Diganci (CFO); Marcia Asquith (EVP); Ornella Bergeron, Denise Dombay, and Maureen Delaney (SVPs)
Financing status: N/A
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a Washington-based self-regulatory body that supervises more than 3,200 broker-dealers. It enforces rules, monitors trading, and runs tools such as TRACE, BrokerCheck, and the consolidated audit trail. In 2024, it posted $99 million net income and unveiled a crypto education program.
FINRA was officially formed in 2007 through a strategic merger. The National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) joined forces with the New York Stock Exchange's (NYSE) regulatory division to operate as one.
This created a unified, independent regulator for America's securities industry. The move modernized oversight for a changing market and strengthened investor protections nationwide.
FINRA's story actually began decades earlier, in an era of economic recovery. The NASD registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1939. This registration formalized what traders had been doing informally for generations.
Congress had established the SEC in 1934 following the devastating market crash of 1929. Two years later, lawmakers passed the Maloney Act to regulate off-exchange securities trading more effectively.
The NASD spent 68 years evolving to match the changing securities landscape and technology. By the early 2000s, fragmented regulatory oversight became increasingly inefficient for a modern industry.
The 2007 merger created the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority by combining the NASD's institutional knowledge with the NYSE's regulatory expertise. This unified regulator now oversees all brokers and firms across US markets comprehensively.
As 2024 closed, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority issued substantial penalties against three major firms. These companies faced settlements for sending inaccurate trade information and filing flawed Focus reports. Year-end enforcement actions let both regulators and firms resolve lingering compliance issues cleanly.companies faced settlements for sending inaccurate trade information and filing flawed Focus reports. Year-end enforcement actions let both regulators and firms resolve lingering compliance issues cleanly.
Into 2025, FINRA's Regulatory Oversight Report highlighted three major threats to the industry. Cybersecurity vulnerabilities from third-party technology providers topped concerns alongside AI compliance challenges. Investment fraud schemes also continue to shift as bad actors devise new ways to deceive clients.
FINRA regulates broker-dealers and investment firms in America by combining enforcement with educational resources to protect investors and maintain market integrity:
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority also addresses emerging threats like cybersecurity risks and artificial intelligence compliance challenges. The organization remains focused on supporting a healthy, trustworthy securities market for all participants.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority reports that investor protection and market stability form the core of its mission. The regulator values its employees and delivers market-rate compensation with benefits such as:
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority also says that it does not discriminate in hiring based on disability, veteran status, and other protected classifications under federal, state, and local law. It complies with 41 CFR regulations protecting disabled individuals and veterans.
Robert W. Cook is the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's president and CEO, with prior experience directing the SEC's trading and markets division. Before FINRA, Cook was a partner at a law firm in Washington. His education includes a JD from Harvard Law School, a master's degree from the London School of Economics, and an undergraduate from Harvard.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's leadership team includes the following key executives:
These executives manage the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's daily operations while upholding the organization's core mission to protect investors.
FINRA launched a targeted probe into broker-dealers underwriting small foreign company IPOs to combat pump-and-dump schemes. The regulator required detailed supervisory procedures and due diligence records for offerings between January 2023 and September 2025. This enforcement action positions the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority as a proactive market protector against cross-border securities fraud.
The organization also penalized First Trust Portfolios, an ETF provider, in 2025 with a $10 million settlement for excessive gifts to broker-dealer representatives. The violations spanned from 2018 through February 2024 and included luxury courtside tickets and concert events. This enforcement action illustrates FINRA's commitment to preventing investor harm through strict non-cash compensation oversight.
The case shows California is paying attention to annuity recommendations made through RIAs, and other state insurance departments could follow its lead. The settlement could also lead insurers and licensed third parties that work with RIAs to scrutinize recommendations more carefully, if they don't already vet them closely.
The regulator is probing how brokerages approve and monitor options trading for customers and is requesting information pertaining to self-directed accounts and accounts in which a registered representative made recommendations.
The three-person, all-public panel awarded the investor $640,747, mostly in compensatory damages, but denied punitive damages, according to a Finra arbitration award.
Finra cancelled the license of Florida-based Spartan Securities Group in 2019.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Inc. said at the start of the year it was looking into registered representatives who applied for coronavirus-relief loans for possible violations.
The rule requires firms with a history of misconduct or that employ a high number of reps with disciplinary records to deposit cash into an account controlled by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Inc.
Robinhood hit the public market after experiencing dramatic growth and heightened scrutiny throughout a pandemic year.
Robinhood, whose IPO is slated for Thursday, disclosed in a filing that Finra is seeking registration information about its personnel, including the non-registration status of CEO Tenev and co-founder Bhatt.
In an investor alert, the agencies point out four tactics that fraudsters use to trick investors, such as spoofed websites and fake profiles on social media platforms.
The agency charged 21 investment advisers and six brokerages with missing delivery or posting deadlines. The customer relationship summary outlines fees, services and potential conflicts of interest and is supposed to help clients understand business practices.
Should something that happened when applicants were teenagers still be held against them?
Temporary relief from onsite examinations, which began at the start of the pandemic, is set to expire in December.
The company at the center of this year's meme stock frenzy will market 55 million shares for $38 to $42 each, according to a filing with the SEC.
Congress will likely have to provide the legal framework for the SEC to regulate cryptocurrencies more efficiently and is working quickly to shape future regulation.
He replaces Peter Driscoll, who is leaving the agency after heading the examinations division since January 2017.
