GLOSSARY

financial planning

Financial planning serves as the foundation of every long-term money decision clients make. It brings together their financial situation, goals, and the steps needed to move toward a more secure future. Financial advisors rely on financial planning to understand where clients stand today and what strategies can help them stay on track.

What is financial planning?

Financial planning is the process of putting together a financial plan that supports the goals of an earner. A financial plan outlines current circumstances and short-term and long-term objectives. It covers everyday decisions such as managing cash flow and reducing debt, as well as long-range needs like retirement, tax planning, and estate planning.

A financial plan is meant to stay in place for many years, but it isn't static. As a person's family life, income, or priorities change, you revisit and adjust the plan, so it continues to meet their needs. This is why annual reviews are essential.

Core elements of a financial plan

A strong financial plan brings together several parts of a client's financial life. Each element supports long-term stability and helps guide clients through different stages and decisions.

  • Emergency savings: Cash reserve that covers three to six months of essential expenses. This creates a buffer during unexpected events and keeps long-term goals on track
  • Debt reduction: Managing and reducing debt is another key step. When clients cut down high-cost obligations and control spending, they free up more room for saving and long-term investment management
  • Risk management: A plan also looks at potential financial risks and preparing for accidents, health issues, or loss of income by reviewing insurance needs. This risk assessment can include home, health, disability, liability, and life insurance
  • Investing and retirement planning: Investment decisions sit at the heart of financial planning. You guide clients as they contribute to workplace plans, open IRAs, or build taxable accounts
  • Tax strategy: Tax optimization affects how far a client's money can go. Strategies may include deductions, credits, and tax-efficient investing. These decisions help manage tax liabilities and support long-term goals
  • Legacy and estate considerations: Estate planning allows clients to protect heirs and express their wishes clearly. Wills, beneficiary designations, and other legacy goals should be part of the plan
  • Monitoring and adjustments: A financial plan is always evolving. It must be reviewed regularly, adjusted for strategies, and made sure each part continues to support long-term goals

What are the four main types of financial planning?

Financial planning is extensive but often covers four main areas:

  • Retirement planning: Focuses on helping clients save and invest when they no longer earn active income. It includes evaluating workplace retirement plans, IRAs, contribution levels, and future income needs
  • Tax planning: Looks at ways to reduce a client's tax burden legally and efficiently. It may involve using tax deductions, credits, or tax loss harvesting
  • Investment planning: Investment planning ties client goals to clear investment strategies. It covers asset allocation, risk tolerance, and how each account supports long-term objectives
  • Estate planning: Prepares for the smooth transfer of assets to heirs and beneficiaries

What does a good financial plan look like?

A good financial plan brings together the most important parts of a client's financial life and organizes them into a clear, customized roadmap. It reflects personal priorities, spending habits, family needs, and long-term goals.

A strong plan includes a well-funded emergency reserve, a retirement strategy that fits the client's timeline, the right insurance coverage to manage risks, and a tax approach that supports long-term planning. Most importantly, a good plan is built to last but flexible enough to change.

At an individual level, financial planning often considers the 50-30-20 rule. Here's a simplified explanation of this approach:

Navigating regulatory changes in financial planning

Regulatory shifts can significantly influence how to build long-term strategies. New policies are bound to happen with every administration. This makes it important to stay alert to changes affecting taxes, healthcare, and retirement planning.

Tax reform and income planning

Proposed tax reforms remain a major focus. Plans to extend the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, restore the state and local tax deduction, and eliminate federal taxes on Social Security, tips, and overtime pay may enhance short-term cash flow for many clients.

Concerns about rising federal deficits raise questions about future tax increases. In the near term, accelerating income or revisiting tax strategies may help clients take advantage of current lower rates while they last.

Corporate taxes, tariffs, and business considerations

The administration's intention to reduce the corporate tax rate below 20 percent aims to increase US competitiveness. However, this comes alongside potential tariffs on many countries.

While some industries may benefit, others could experience higher costs that impact pricing and growth. Business owners may need to adjust expansion plans, cash flow expectations, or investment decisions based on how these changes unfold.

Here's a look at how tariffs work and how they can impact the individual:

Estate and gift tax stability

Estate and gift tax policies may remain favorable for wealthy families. With the lifetime exemption approaching $14 million per person, maintaining or increasing this level provides continued stability for clients with existing estate plans.

Potential changes in healthcare and HSAs

Healthcare policy may also see shifts. Changes to the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid expansion, and Health Savings Accounts could affect how clients plan for medical costs. Any changes in healthcare structure or costs can alter household budgets and increase the importance of building strong retirement savings.

Retirement savings strategies under shifting tax rates

If tax cuts continue temporarily, but future rates rise, clients may find more value in Roth-focused strategies. Contributing to Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k)s or converting traditional retirement accounts to Roth accounts, could help reduce future tax burdens.

With regulations continuously developing, flexibility remains essential. The best path forward is adapting strategies as details become clearer and revisiting the plan regularly to stay ahead of regulatory changes.

When to create or update a financial plan?

A new job, a raise, or a sudden drop in income can all influence a client's ability to save, invest, or manage expenses. Life events such as marriage, the birth of children, or divorce may also change financial objectives and require a fresh look at retirement planning, insurance, or savings habits. Health challenges can also affect income and spending.

Any of these events could be a good reason to update a financial plan. Creating one though can be done at any stage of a person's life.

How to futureproof your financial planning practice

Futureproofing means building systems, skills, and strategies that help you stay resilient no matter how markets, regulations, or client expectations change. The goal is to stay adaptable while continuing to deliver clear, reliable guidance that clients can trust.

Start with strong client relationships built on ongoing communication. When clients understand your process and feel supported, they remain engaged even during periods of uncertainty. Regular check-ins, clear explanations of planning decisions, and proactive outreach all strengthen the foundation of your practice.

Next, make continuous learning part of your routine. Tax laws, retirement rules, and industry standards shift over time, and staying informed helps adjust your advice quickly. Technology also plays a major role in futureproofing. Tools that streamline cash flow analysis, organize documents, or track investment strategies make it easier to work efficiently and support more clients.

Tech tools every advisor needs for smarter financial planning

The right technology can simplify your workflow, strengthen client relationships, and give you more time to focus on planning itself. Here are the essential tools worth prioritizing in practice.

Customer relationship management (CRM) systems

A strong CRM keeps all client information in one organized place. You can track conversations, automate reminders, and build secure dashboards for portfolio review. These systems also support compliance by keeping records clear and accessible.

Financial planning software

Planning tools help run projections, model goals, and prepare customized reports. Many platforms include features for risk management, retirement planning, tax analysis, and estate considerations. With these tools, you can build more detailed plans and update them quickly as client circumstances change.

Video conferencing and virtual meeting tools

Virtual meetings are now a normal part of financial planning. Modern platforms offer secure screen sharing, document exchange, and integrated messaging.

Email and marketing automation

Advisors who want to stay connected with clients without spending hours drafting emails benefit from automated marketing tools. They help build sequences, schedule updates, and organize outreach to prospects.

Scheduling platforms

Scheduling software eliminates the back-and-forth of booking meetings. You set your available hours and clients select a time that fits. Many programs also allow automatic reminders, cancellation rules, or integrations with your CRM.

Bringing your financial practice full circle

Financial planning gives clients a clear path for managing money through different stages of life. A well-structured plan connects everyday choices to long-term priorities. It also ties together essential areas such as investment management, insurance, taxes, and retirement planning so clients can make informed decisions.

When a plan is reviewed regularly and adjusted as life changes, it becomes a reliable guide that helps clients stay focused and confident. This steady approach to financial planning supports long-term stability and gives clients a stronger sense of control over their financial future.

The latest financial planning news from InvestmentNews

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What the pandemic taught us about helping clients navigate shocks
OPINION APR 09, 2021
What the pandemic taught us about helping clients navigate shocks

A recent academic paper argues that large shocks like the pandemic undermine feelings of financial security. This raises the question of what financial planners can learn from the pandemic to help their clients better prepare for the next shock.

Envestnet acquires fintech Harvest Savings
FINTECH APR 08, 2021
Envestnet acquires fintech Harvest Savings

Envestnet now owns Harvest's technology, including its automated micro-savings and digital account opening tools.

AdvicePay launches tool for enterprise oversight
FINTECH APR 07, 2021
AdvicePay launches tool for enterprise oversight

AdvicePay, the payment tool co-founded by Michael Kitces, is trying to make it easier for large advisory firms to adopt different fee models.

Third of near-retirees fail basic Social Security quiz
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The level of knowledge is improving but the public still needs guidance on decisions about claiming benefits.

The benefits of equal-weight index funds and Financial Gym puts a new spin on financial planning

Many retail investors do not the difference between an equal-weighted index versus a cap-weighted index. Michael Willis explains why the difference matters. Shannon McLay joins to share her story of founding the disruptive and influential start-up looking to change the way financial planning is done.

Goldman Sachs is getting into Bitcoin — who’s next?
ALTERNATIVES APR 01, 2021
Goldman Sachs is getting into Bitcoin — who’s next?

Goldman Sachs enters the race to offer wealth management clients access to Bitcoin following Morgan Stanley. Which wirehouse could be next?

SEI acquires defunct adviser fintech platform Oranj
FINTECH MAR 31, 2021
SEI acquires defunct adviser fintech platform Oranj

Oranj founder David Lyon is joining SEI along with 13 engineers, developers, cloud specialists and client service personnel. Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.

Financial Gym takes on 'old-school' financial planning
Financial Gym takes on 'old-school' financial planning

Merrill Lynch alum creates a new service model to provide financial advice to the masses.

Former rep sentenced to more than 17 years for defrauding clients
Former rep sentenced to more than 17 years for defrauding clients

He was suspended by the Certified Financial Planners Board of Standards in 2013, and was barred by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking in 2015.

Fidelity Spire offers unlimited free trades
FINTECH MAR 29, 2021
Fidelity Spire offers unlimited free trades

The app is focused on capturing the influx of young investors that are now seeking out financial services. Fidelity Spire is 'goal-based' and enables users to track progress on financial goals by linking their accounts.

Dealing with married couples' conflicts
OPINION MAR 26, 2021
Dealing with married couples' conflicts

Clients come in with a problem that is actually a bundle of issues, only partly financial, that they haven’t been able to sort through to make progress toward resolution.

An adviser's social media strategy: Post, refresh, repeat
FINTECH MAR 24, 2021
An adviser's social media strategy: Post, refresh, repeat

Advisers should embrace social media with an authentic voice that shows their personal side, said marketing strategist April Rudin at the InvestmentNews Virtual Fintech Summit.

82% of Americans say Covid affected their retirement plans
82% of Americans say Covid affected their retirement plans

A Fidelity study underscores the importance of financial planning, but reveals that the term means different things to people of different ages.

Top 5 largest robo-advisers by AUM
FINTECH MAR 22, 2021
Top 5 largest robo-advisers by AUM

Vanguard reigns king for incumbents disrupting the robo-adviser space, while Betterment continues to manage the most assets among independents.

The latest in financial #AdviserTech — March 2021
FINTECH MAR 22, 2021
The latest in financial #AdviserTech — March 2021

The big news, announcements and underlying trends emerging in the world of technology solutions for financial advisers!